Decline of the Mughals            The period of the Great Mughals, which began in 1526 with Babur’s accession to the throne, ended with the death of Aurangzeb in 1707. Aurangzeb’s death marked the end of an era in Indian history. When Aurangzeb died, the empire of the Mughals was the largest in India. Yet, within about fifty yea...

Mughal Empire during Aurangzeb’s reign   A brief description of the history of Mughals in India:             The Mughal Empire was an empire in the Indian subcontinent, founded in 1526. It was established and ruled by the Timurid dynasty. The beginning of the empire is conventionally dated to the victory by its founder...

The Danes in India Encouraged by the other European merchants, the people of Denmark also thought of having a share in the Indian trade. For that purpose, they founded a settlement in 1620 at Tranquebar in the Tanjore District. In 1676, they occupied Serampore. However, the Danes did not find a foothold in India and consequently they sold their settlements in India to the British Government...

The Dutch East India Company By a charter of the Government of Holland, the Dutch East India Company was established in 1602. As the Dutch were very much interested in spice trade, they had their focus on the Far East and made India their trading depot. In 1606, they established their factories at Peddapalli and Masulipatnam. Realizing that Indian textiles have a large market, they established...

The Portuguese in India             The coming of the Europeans to India was event of very great importance in the history of our country as it ultimately led to revolutionary changes in her destiny in the future and the Portuguese were the first in this field. In 1487, Bartholomew Diaz was carried by storms past the Cape of Good Hope. He w...

Evolution of Civil Services in India Civil Services in Ancient India The Indian civil service system is one of the oldest administrative systems in the world. It had its origin in the Mauryan period during ancient India. Kautilya's Arthashastra lays down the principles of selection and promotion of the civil servants, the conditions of loyalty for appointment to the civil service, the m...

Decline of the Indus Valley Civilization             The Harappan culture flourished until about 1800 BC. Afterwards, the culture began to decline. There is no unanimity among historian on the exact reason of the decline of this urban civilization. Different theories of decline have been put forward by different scholars.   &nb...

Economic Agents An economic agent is an entity that engages in economic activity. This activity can be buying, selling, or producing goods and services and influencing capital markets. There are four main types of economic agents: households or individuals, businesses, governments, and central banks. Each type of economic agent has different objectives. Following are different types of Econ...

SCOPE OF ECONOMICS Economics is a social science. The subject that economics deals with includes the analysis of economic problems of people in the society and the satisfaction of their wants. With the evolutionary changes of the society and its civilization, the subject matter scope of economics has expanded. The scope of economics is discussed below: As social science, economics deals w...

Code of Ethics for Civil Servants Committee on Prevention of Corruption (`Santhanam Committee'-1964). Our civil service system has a tradition of attitudes and achievements which sets examples to be emulated by current and prospective civil servants. Promoting the norms of `right conduct' cannot be enforced through a rigid mindless enforcement of laws and rules. Committee on Prevention...