WHO’s Inclusion of GLP-1 Drugs in Essential Medicine List
18.09.2025
WHO’s Inclusion of GLP-1 Drugs in Essential Medicine List
Context
In its 25th Expert Committee meeting, the World Health Organization (WHO) added GLP-1 receptor agonist drugs to its Essential Medicines List. These drugs are significant for managing type 2 diabetes and aiding weight loss, offering affordable treatment for millions worldwide, especially in countries like India with a high diabetes burden.
About GLP-1 Drugs
- Examples include Semaglutide, Dulaglutide, Liraglutide, and Tirzepatide.
- These drugs mimic gut hormones (GLP-1 and GIP) to regulate appetite and blood sugar levels.
- Help reduce obesity-related complications including cardiovascular and kidney diseases.
- Injectable in nature and recommended for patients with BMI over 30 or BMI 27-30 with related health conditions.
Significance
- Inclusion in the Essential Medicines List is expected to reduce costs and improve accessibility globally.
- India is called the diabetes capital of the world, with over 800 million diabetes patients worldwide, many untreated due to cost.
- These medicines support India’s Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets for affordable healthcare.
Cautions & Usage
- Side effects may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and injection site reactions.
- Medical supervision is essential to minimize risks.
- Should not be self-medicated; prescribed under professional guidance.
Mechanism of Action
- Mimic GLP-1 hormone produced in intestines to signal satiety and control blood sugar.
- Tirzepatide mimics both GLP-1 and GIP hormones, enhancing appetite suppression and fat metabolism.
- This hormone mimicry helps reduce calorie intake and manage body weight effectively.
Conclusion
WHO’s endorsement of GLP-1 drugs enhances global and Indian healthcare frameworks by providing affordable, effective options for diabetes and obesity management, crucial for mitigating India’s growing non-communicable disease burden.