Life crisis facing War Refugees

Life crisis facing War Refugees

Main Examination: General Studies Question Paper-3

(Issues related to war refugees)

September 25, 2023

Preface:

• War is a time of conflict and conflict between countries and communities, during which all aspects of life change. The impact of war falls most heavily on those people who are forced to flee their homes and countries and seek refuge during war, whom we call 'war refugees'. The lives of war refugees are full of crises and require communities, governments, and other organizations to address them.

Statistics related to war refugees:

• According to the UN Refugee Agency report of the year 2019, out of the total 7 crore 95 lakh displaced people, 4 crore 57 lakh are affected by serious problems in their own countries due to communal, racial, ethnic violence and environmental and natural disasters.
• According to Filippo Grandi, head of the United Nations Refugee Agency, 'about 110 million people have had to flee their homes due to persecution and human rights violations.

Russia-Ukraine war

• Nearly 19 million people were displaced in 2022, of which more than 11 million fled their homes due to Russia's invasion of Ukraine. More than one million citizens have fled Ukraine to escape air and missile attacks in the Russia-Ukraine war.
• These people are taking refuge in Romania, Poland, Moldova, Slovakia, Hungary and Belarus. Of these, maximum 6.5 lakh people are taking refuge in Poland. Some people have also moved to the border area of nearby Russia.
• The least number of refugees are reaching Belarus. This is because Belarus is an ally of Russia. According to the World Bank, Ukraine's population at the end of 2020 was 44 million. NHCR fears that if the situation worsens, more than four million Ukrainian citizens will be forced to seek refuge in neighboring countries. Earlier, due to the civil war that broke out in Syria in 2011, a large number of migrations started, which continued till the attack by America in 2018.
• For the first time since the Second World War, such a large number of people have been displaced due to war. This is a sign of emergency.

Conflict in Sudan

• Due to conflict in Sudan, 2 million people have been displaced since April 2023. At the same time, due to conflict in Republic of Congo, Ethiopia and Myanmar, about 10 lakh people each have been forced to leave their original residence and country.

Syrian war

• America, along with its allies Britain and France, had launched a missile attack on Syria. 105 missiles were fired with the aim of destroying the stockpiles of chemical weapons present in Syria. These missiles of America, Britain and France were rained on the capital cities of Damascus and Homs. In this, chemical weapons stores and scientific research centers were targeted. Due to this, many buildings caught fire and Damascus was covered with smoke. Similar scenes are being seen these days due to Russian attack in Ukraine. America also attacked Iraq due to fear of biological and chemical weapons.
• To escape the violence in Syria in 2015, millions of people risked their lives and took refuge in Greece and Italy by crossing the Mediterranean Sea with women and children. Both these countries had then said that in view of time, it was necessary to formulate a policy to provide shelter to refugees. Of these, barely five lakh people have the status of formal refugees. Due to the situation of war and civil war, maximum 67 lakh people from Syria, 27 lakh from Afghanistan, 23 lakh from South Sudan, 11 lakh from Myanmar and 9 lakh from Somalia have taken refuge in the border areas of various developed countries as refugees. . More than 5 lakh people were killed in the Syrian war that lasted for almost 7 years. One crore people suffered the brunt of displacement as refugees, out of which 67 lakhs still remain refugees in many countries. The countries where these refugees are living are facing many crises. Germany had given shelter to the maximum number of displaced people.
• More than four million people had fled due to political and economic instability in Venezuela.
• About four crore people who have fled the civil war in Bangladesh and Myanmar have infiltrated into India.
• Rehabilitation of Refugees:
• • According to Filippo Grandi, head of the United Nations Refugee Agency, '1 lakh 14 thousand refugees were also resettled in 2022, which is double compared to 2021.

War for supremacy:

• Developed countries create conditions for war for their supremacy, as in the fight for supremacy between America and Russia from the perspective of Ukraine. For the sake of their supremacy, America and Russia made Ukraine, which was the third nuclear power till 1993, sign the Budapest Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in 1994 and destroyed all its nuclear weapons at sea. America and Britain had convinced Ukraine for this agreement and along with these countries, Russia also agreed and guaranteed the security of Ukraine. But now Russia has directly attacked Ukraine and America and Britain are standing at a distance and watching the show.
• Despite this, it is the rich countries that host the largest number of war and environmental refugees.

Problems for War Refugees:

• Security problems: Due to war, people are forced to leave their homes and countries. This causes problems like mental stress, sadness and restlessness.
• Economic insecurity: Going to war zones alone or with family may result in reduced economic conditions. Many times these people lose their job, business or property.
• Health problems: Due to irregularities in transportation and housing, war refugees may face difficulties taking care of their own health. There may also be a lack of regular and healthy diet and medical facilities.
• Lack of education: Children of war refugees may not have access to proper education, which may affect their future.
• Loss of social ties: War refugees face a complete loss of social ties, living away from their communities and relatives.
• Anxiety and depression: After war, life for war refugees can be relentless and exhausting. Their morale requires proper time and space.
• Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): After experiencing lethal events in a war zone, war refugees are likely to develop PTSD, which can include a variety of mental health problems.
• Insecure social environment: War can make refugees feel unsafe in their surrounding social environment, which can affect their moral and physical security.

Conclusion:

• Life crisis faced by war refugees is a human rights issue and it is the responsibility of all of us to help them and try to give them life support so that they can re-establish their lives.
• Governments, NGOs and communities need to work harder to collaborate with these people and promote measures to improve their lives.

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main exam question

The threat to life faced by war refugees is a human rights issue. Discuss.